Diagnosis and Treatment of Underbite at Textbook Orthodontics
At Textbook Orthodontics, we treat underbites—also known as prognathism—as a serious dental concern. An underbite occurs when the lower teeth extend past the upper front teeth when the mouth is closed. This misalignment can stem from issues with the jaw structure (skeletal underbite) or with the teeth themselves (dental underbite).
Addressing an underbite is important, as it can interfere with everyday functions like speaking clearly, biting, and chewing. It may also impact the overall appearance of the face, often affecting self-esteem. Left untreated, underbites can contribute to chronic jaw discomfort, headaches, and complications with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). That’s why early diagnosis and customized treatment are key to ensuring long-term oral health and confidence.
Genetic Factors Behind Underbites
At Textbook Orthodontics, we understand that the development of an underbite—where the lower jaw extends beyond the upper jaw—is often influenced by genetics. Studies show that underbites, medically referred to as prognathism, can be inherited through family lines, often following an autosomal dominant pattern. This means that just one copy of the gene from a parent can be enough to pass on the trait.
While genetics play a major role, they’re not the only factor. Environmental influences and certain medical conditions, such as gigantism or acromegaly, can also contribute to the development of an underbite. In most cases, it’s a combination of inherited traits and external factors that lead to the condition. Understanding both sides of this equation is essential when planning effective, personalized treatment.
How Environmental Factors Contribute to Underbites
While genetics are a key contributor, environmental factors also play an important role in the development of an underbite—where the lower jaw extends beyond the upper jaw. Certain early childhood habits, such as extended pacifier use, thumb sucking, or a consistently low tongue posture, can place pressure on the growing jaw and teeth. Over time, these behaviors may influence jaw alignment and contribute to the formation of an underbite. Identifying and addressing these habits early can be crucial in preventing long-term dental issues.
Mouth Breathing and Its Impact on Underbite Development
Mouth breathing, often linked to respiratory issues like allergies or nasal obstructions, has been shown to influence the development of an underbite. This connection is largely due to changes in oral posture. Unlike nasal breathing, mouth breathing causes the tongue to rest lower in the mouth rather than against the roof, where it normally supports proper jaw development.
Over time, this lower tongue posture and the associated pressure on the lower teeth can encourage forward growth of the lower jaw and teeth, contributing to the development of an underbite. Additionally, the consistent forward and downward tongue pressure may further disrupt normal alignment. As a result, chronic mouth breathing can be a significant environmental factor in both the formation and progression of underbites.